Sportsmanship Essay - 587 Words

Sportsmanship Sportsmanship is the character, practice, or skill of a person involved in sports. This includes the participant, the parents, the coaches, and all spectators. Sportsmanlike conduct includes fairness, courtesy, learning to be a good loser, being competitive without rude behavior, or experiencing any ill feelings toward the opponent. Too often in any sporting event, the purpose of the sport is forgotten. Winning has become overwhelmingly important to the adults involved. This attitude is inflicted on the youth. People of all ages should be allowed to fully embrace the challenge and fun of playing sports. Teaching, coaching, motivating, and winning are fine as long as the reason for the sport or activity is†¦show more content†¦Too many coaches and parents tend to forget the reason for sports for children. They get caught up in the excitement and competitiveness. Winning is the ultimate goal, at all costs. The cost is the effect this attitude has on the children. I have witnessed this behavior from coaches and parents, where they have actually embarrassed and humiliated young players in front of their peers. The negative effect this has on the athletes is obvious. They become aggressive, sometimes withdrawn and angry, rude, and inconsiderate. Sports are not just an activity. They form a stepping stone toward the future. Sportsmanship teaches children how to interact with peers, how to relate and interact with others. Sports can teach cooperation, sharing, and compassion. At a young age participation in sports introduces players to rules, and how to incorporate them into other aspects of life. A child must realize that losing has absolutely nothing to do with self-worth, that their personal value is not measured by winning or losing, but doing the best that they can in sports and life. It is important that children and adults be part of a group to feel acceptance, without the emphasis on winning. Self-confidence does not come from winning or losing, but how the outcome is handled. If you perform to your best ability, then you have won the only important game. Sportsmanship is what the activityShow MoreRelatedSportsmanship761 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Kane MSA 560 Sportsmanship Essay Sports events are essentially social in character. They facilitate the coming together of people from various parts of the country, at a national level, and various parts of the world, at the international level. The dictionary defines sportsmanship as the face or practice of participating in sports or sport. It is also the conduct and attitude considered as befitting participants in sports, especially fair play, courtesy, striving spiritRead MoreSportsmanship And Sportsmanship Of A Team1074 Words   |  5 PagesSportsmanship All athletes can recognize that being a part of a team is hard. It is incredibly difficult to select a group of teenagers that will (1) all get along, (2) work together seamlessly, and (3) respect their coaches. The formula for the perfect team is unknowable. One negative spirit always exists to drag the team down, to deflate their motives and increase their egos; but that does not have any effect on the sportsmanship of a team. Sportsmanship does not rely on the cohesiveness of aRead More Sportsmanship Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines sportsmanship. What is a sportsman? The definition seems to have undergone a big change over the years. If children follow the example set by todays athletes, the definition would equal a sore loser. High school sports should be a fun way to physically express yourself as an athlete, but at the same time learn some of lifes lessons, like sportsmanship, discipline, and respect. In todays society, winning comes before everything, but if winning requires neglect of good sportsmanship, thenRead MoreAmerican Football and Good Sportsmanship1101 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines sportsmanship. What is a sportsman? The definition seems to have undergone a big change over the years. If children follow the example set by todays athletes, the definition would equal a sore loser. High school sports should be a fun way to physically express yourself as an athlete, but at the same time learn some of lifes lessons, like sportsmanship, discipline, and respect. In todays society, winning comes before everything, but if winning requires neglect of good sportsmanship, thenRead MoreDefinition Essay on Sportsmanship916 Words   |  4 Pages Definition Essay on Sportsmanship Abstract Although it is very common to mention the term Sportsmanship during any sports event, very few individuals are actually familiar with the true definition of the word. For some it is the behavioral aspect shown by the participating teams or athletes while others it is more than just a routine behavior and is associated with the deep rooted respect of the opponent as well as the outcome of an event. Sportsmanship is known to be an aspiration whichRead MoreImportance of Sportsmanship Essay632 Words   |  3 PagesImportance of Sportsmanship When you are on the field of play, it is vital that you remember to be very sportsmanlike, for numerous reasons. There are many spectators who come to enjoy the competitiveness and excitement of high school athletics and a bad sport can turn a good, hard-fought and enjoyable contest into an ugly, forgettable one. Cheap shots and verbal attacks on fellow student-athletes can forever taint a positive athletic career, and that is why it is vital that sportsmanship is emphasizedRead MoreSportsmanship : A Sport Fairly And Loses Gracefully910 Words   |  4 PagesCasey Harral English 1101-23 Sylvia Johnson November 2, 2015 Sportsmanship One who plays a sport fairly and loses gracefully is how The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines sportsmanship, but what is true Sportsmanship considered to you? Is it an attitude, or simply an act? Sportsmanship can be handled in several different ways. It’s how one team handles another on and off the field. Simply it could also be said as just the way you handle the game in general after a tough loss, or after an easyRead MoreHow Sportsmanship Can Be A Part Of A Team1208 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes not have any effect on the sportsmanship of a team. Sportsmanship does not rely on the cohesiveness of a team. It does not correlate with how many bonding trips a team endures or how many groups of friends are on the team. It is not entirely internal or entirely external. Sportsmanship is not simply the willingness of an athlete to respect other teams; it is an athlete’s ability to respect their own team and, most importantly, his or her self. Sportsmanship is innate, refle cting an athlete’sRead MoreThe Effect of Sportsmanship and Motivation on Athletic Aggression1113 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: The main objective of this experiment was to find what relationships threre are between sportsmanship, motivation and athletic aggression. There we three preset propositions that they anticipated for their theory: (a) self-determined sport motivation will be positively predictive of sportspersonship orientations, (b) sportspersonship orientations will mediate the relationship between self-determined sport motivation and athletic aggression, and (c) sportspersonship orientations willRead MoreThe Importance Of A Healthy Lifestyle On Good Nutrition, Proper Sleep, And Sportsmanship1180 Words   |  5 Pagesscraped knees but I was usually energetic, athletic, creative and optimistic about life. Health, fitness and well-being were important to my family. I came to value the importance of a healthy lifestyle: good nutrition, proper sleep, exercise and sportsmanship. Education was equally emphasized, â€Å"a sound mind in a sound body,† my grandfather repeatedly told my sister and m e. My grandfather, Pop-Pop, was a gregarious, tall and handsome man with a gleam in his eye who greatly valued education. I listened

Satirical Essay on Facebook Free Essays

Facebook and MySpace are one of the many social networking tools that teens use to communicate. Many spend most of their day browsing other teen’s profiles and updating their own. After all, having a cool profile page and lots of friends is very important in showing off your cyber social status. We will write a custom essay sample on Satirical Essay on Facebook or any similar topic only for you Order Now I don’t like to boast, but Tila Tequila accepted me as her friend on MySpace. I leave her comments fairly often and I’m hoping that one day she will actually reply! Although she has almost 1,000,000 friends, I’m convinced she visits my profile often. We have never had a real conversation but I read her bulletins all the time. I know she is always aware of my updated status and I am positive that’s why she never comments. I myself have about 200 friends. I have only had real conversations with about 50 of them, the rest are people I have spoken to once or twice in my life. Of course I have many other music and movie stars, in addition to Tila Tequila. They are really good at keeping in touch with me thru bulletins. Being constantly made aware of my friends status updates such as, â€Å"I am going to an awesome party tonight†, or â€Å"Today was such a good day†, puts me ahead of the crowd. I don’t know what I would do if I didn’t know what my friends were doing every minute of every day. Like everything else, there are some downsides to MySpace and Facebook. The biggest problem I have encountered is what to do when someone I know, but don’t like adds me as a friend. I occasionally get friend requests from strange people who I met once, but am glad I have never seen again. The problem occurs when they add me as a friend and I don’t want to accept them. Not accepting a person is another way of telling them you don’t like them. However, if you accept them you risk having a long and awkward conversation with someone you don’t like. I guess this is just a problem you have to overcome when maintaining your virtual life. On the brightside, there are many upsides to MySpace and Facebook. You can use programs to remove pimples from your face when uploading your pictures. You can look at the extremely useful surveys people take and find out their favorite band, what their favorite food is, how long they shower for, and many other important facts. You can fake your identity and get pictures of really good looking people with nice cars and claim they are you so you can become really popular. You can even stay in your room for 7 hours straight and not get bored! I truly feel that Facebook is â€Å"a place for friends†. It is friends who have too much time to remain online each day. This realization comes to me very sadly, however, as I do enjoy reading about how Tila Tequila’s day is going. Maybe one day she will come to the same realization and we can have a conversation in the real world. How to cite Satirical Essay on Facebook, Essays

Histopathology Literature Review

Question: Discuss about theHistopathology for Literature Review. Answer: Introduction Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to identifying causal organism of disease and treat any microbial infection. In this context, diagnostic microbiology is an appropriate field to identify diverse bacterial species (1). The traditional methods of identifying bacterial species relied on culture-based method, but it could not identify all types of species (2). This process takes a lot of time and due to its selective nature, it could not reflect the presence of mixed microbial species in infections (1). However, with the advent of new molecular technologies like PCR sequencing and hybridization techniques, sensitive detection of bacteria has now become possible (2). This molecular technique is now utilized to slow growing species like Mycobacteria or difficult to culture species like Tropherymawhippelii (1). Another useful technique, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) uses rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes to identify individual microbial cells in situ. It gives a bette r result for the detection of pathogenic organism causing infection in patients with suspected sepsis (2). While FISH gave the result within one day, traditional methods took much longer time. The FISH technique was also four times sensitive than blood culture method in detecting causal organism for sepsis. Culture methods took two weeks to provide the result which FISH could give within one day (3). Thus, molecular advancement highly facilitated rapid diagnosis to improve morbidity associated with disease, reduce the length of stay at hospitals and lower the use of broad spectrum antibiotics (4). Besides this, another discovery in ISH probe is the peptic nucleic acid (PNA). It is a DNA mimic in which sugar-phosphate backbone has been replaced by the uncharged synthetic peptide backbone. This peptide backbone is resistant to hydrolytic cleavage, and so it can be utilized in imaging probes, sequence selectivity, PCR clamping and other molecular techniques (5). This new development ha s the potential to improve systems like the development of gene therapeutic agents and manipulating nucleic acids (6). This report reviews literature related to the description of features of peptic nucleic acid probes and oligonucleotide probes and evaluates the sensitivity of these probes in the future study. Comparisons of Oligonucleotide Probe and PNA Probes: In microbial ecology, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes tool is highly used (10). The use of oligonucleotide in FISH is beneficial because of optimal experimental conditions which give good fluorescence signal to microbial cells containing rRNA probes. It results in the perfect matching of oligonucleotide probes and also minimizes the risk of binding of probes to non-target microorganisms (8). The optimization of oligonucleotide probes has lead to accurate evaluation of samples for methanogenic Archaea. Helper nucleotide facilitates improved in situ hybridization of six probes to three different helices (7). Thus, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe has turned into an efficient tool culture-independent identification and enumeration of a variety of bacteria present in the natural environment (9). Through mapping probe accessibility models, visualization of oligonucleotides probes has become possible. It has enabled users to virtually observe the secondary and tertiary structure of ribosomal RNA in silico (9). One study on 16S rRNA of E.coli showed that about 20% signal of the maximal fluorescence signal is received in one third of 200 probes examined (7). Besides this facts, direct screening of PNA probe is very costly as the price of a single PNA probe is higher than DNA analogs by ten times (10). Thus, specificity of PNA probe is highly critical in FISH detection (10). The PNA probes can enter algal cells quickly and render the cells green by binding with the target species. Apart from this, PNA probes have high efficiency of hybridization, excellent binding capacity and competent enough for target cell enumeration. In addition to this, it provides increased binding capacity for target nucleic acid sequences. Another advantage is that PNA and LNA oligomers can specifically bind with DNA and RNA strands. There is a minimum chance of destabilization due to mismatches compared to typical oligonucleotide duplex (1 1). On comparison of DNA oligonucleotide sequence and PNA sequence, it was found that fluorescein-labeled PNA probes provide intensified fluorescent responses. The modern technology uses fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides to monitor in situ hybridization to telomeric repeat sequence (12). However, more sensitive and better quantitative results can be obtained by using fluorescein-labeled PNAs. Applications of PNA In the absence of electrostatic repulsion also, PNA can hybridize to DNA OR RNA because of its uncharged polyamide backbone. It occurs under low salt concentration, and short PNA oligomers of 13-18 based can be used because of its greater affinity (6). PNA binds specifically with cell penetrating peptides or lipophilic molecule to increase cellular delivery during antigen application as it cannot diffuse at a fast rate (6). Oligonucleotides are designed to recognize and hybridize to those genes where there is the chance of interference with the transcription of that gene. This process is called antigen strategy (13). In another way, nucleic acids analogs are so designed to inhibit translation by binding to the complementary sequence in mRNA. Thus it exhibits anti-sense strategy. PNA is beneficial for FISH technique as it binds to DNA and RNA at a much faster rate even at low salt concentration and during unfavorable conditions (6). PNA probes are also useful for in vivo imaging of mR NA and aids in cancer research (14). PNA also plays a role in specifically binding to globin mRNA during cDNA synthesis and inhibiting reverse transcription (6). PNA can form a stable triplex structure with the DNA and arrest transcriptional processes. For this feature, they are used in microarrays and biosensors (15). A PNA microarray in combination with PCR helps in the detection of genetically modified organisms in food (16). PNA can bind to DNA and RNA sequence following Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding rules. It also enables elongation of DNA primers by DNA polymerase (13). PNA also helps in simplifying the Southern hybridization process by reducing the time because in the presence of PNA pre-gel hybridization cumbersome processes like separation, probing and washing steps are eliminated. They also act as genome cutters in combination with methylases and other restriction endonucleases (17). Because of it unique hybridization properties, PNA is also used to purify nucleic acids. P NAs can purify nucleic acid by nickel affinity chromatography. PNA inhibits elongation of primers by DNA polymerase. When PNA invades DNA duplex under physiological conditions, it inhibits DNA replication. Inhibition of replication is also possible if DNA is single-stranded (19). Moreover, biotinylated PNA molecule can isolate transcriptionally active chromatin fragments containing multiple tandem triplets (20). Thus PNA holds great promise for gene therapeutic drugs design (13). With the advancement in diagnostic technology and therapeutic products, PNAs has a bright future in the field of biotechnology (6). Level of Reliability and Sensitivity of PNA Probe: The rapid identification of five major Candida species found in positive blood culture is possible by the Yeast Traffic Light PNA FISH technique. It has excellent sensitivity and specificity with very few cross-reactions (21). Measurement of methylation level in heterogeneous tissues can be done by PNA hybridization and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. It promotes rapid evaluation of DNA methylation markers at first analysis (22). PNA can be practically applied in HPV genotyping assays because of its sensitivity, reliability and specificity and longer shelf life (23). The PNAs are also resistant to protease and nuclease degradation because of its unnatural backbone. Because of the property of resistance to enzymatic degradation, it has extended life both in vivo and in-vitro. This property of high biostability is the reasons for increase reliability of PNAs in diagnostic applications (5). The PNA array can be strategically used for the development of advanced methods that can detect several DN A targets along the food chain in a systematic way (16). The PNA-FISH assay is also a more appropriate technique for exiting Salmonella probes compared to culture-based methods. It is more sensitive than PCR and ELISA protocols (24). The use of PNA probe in FISH technique has also helped in the detection of Cronobacter in powdered infant formula (25). Due to high specificity and accuracy by FISH method, it has assisted in the discovery of new techniques for detection of Salmonella species un food samples (26). It is also more efficient way compared to culture-based methods. On the whole, it can be concluded that flow cytometry PNA-FISH is a beneficial and standardized approach for detection and identification of pathogens from blood cultures. This method will be useful in the long run for identification of microbiological diagnostics at an accelerated rate, and it will eventually improve heath outcome of patients with sepsis (27). Advantage and Future of PNA Probe: The invention of PNA probes has provided the biotechnological world with new testing formats for clinical microbiology and pathology testing. It has lead to the discovery of new test applications for the detection of the variety of sensitive diagnostic techniques (31). The clinical world can benefit a lot from the development of PNA probes as it will lead to better health outcome in patients. Because of its high sequence selectivity, PNA probes open new doors for evaluating the progress of cancer and planning appropriate therapy in patients. The PNA array biosensor will be highly useful in the future for identification of single-base mutations in cancer-specific genes in patients. However, this new technology dependent on the PNA-based device is still in its developmental form, and more research is required to fully understand its function and properties in the identification of specific sequences. Researchers still need to work on the diagnostic need of higher sensitivity and analyz e reduced matrix effects (28). New development in the application PNA in genetics and cytogenetic also came up last years, and it demonstrated the development of the strong yet simplified technique for detecting mutation or screening aneuploidy, genome mapping, and antigen therapy. The PNA-FISH method offered the need to design PNA probes that can act against almost any pathological and non-pathological microorganism. With its specificity property, it can be applied in different sections of clinical and pathological examination and microbiological testing (29). Short PNA sequence along with different fluorochromes now constitutes a new class of genomic biomarkers for microarray platforms. Its discovery has now created another level of challenge for extending this technology to the diagnosis of preimplantation genetics (5). PNA still cannot be used as a genetic therapeutic agent because it needs development of an efficient technique for uptake and penetration of PNA probes inside the cell (13). However, despite these challenges, it has still offered great scope for the development in the field of biotechnology, biology, and chemistry. PNA molecules have offered a useful alternative that can take the place of real-time PCR probes. It has specifically led to the design of probes that can target particular defect sequence (30). Another advantage of PNA lies in the development of in vivo fluorescence imaging. The ability to insert fluorescent probes inside living cells will enable in-depth study of mRNA transfer and live gene expression (5). In vitro studies have also demonstrated that PNA could inhibit both transcription and translation of targeted and problematic genes. Therefore the agent holds a great promise antigene and antisense therapy. However, one major problem that will still occur is that delivery of PNA through cell membrane will be a challenging task. Thus, PNA-FISH is simplistic like traditional staining techniques because of its sensitivity and spec ificity to target sequence in molecular technologies. Thus an approach that is useful enough to replace existing methodology of microbiological testing is needed to plan appropriate therapy for patients with infection. Conclusion Thus, the report highlighted the need for early diagnosis in treating microbial infection and discussed the different technique that is used in diagnostic testing. It specifically brought into focus the advantaged of fluorescence in situ hybridization in detecting DNA sequence compared to traditional culture-based methods. The report mainly gives detail about the new development in ISH probe which is PNA. The report gave a detailed description of the mechanism by which it is resistant to hydrolytic cleavage. Due its property of specificity and sequence selectivity, this agent has found the place in antisense drug therapy, PCR clamping, and imaging probes. Comparison of oligonucleotide probe wth other PNA probes stressed the advantage of PNA probe in the identification of target sequence and inhibiting transcription and translation in those genes. Thus PNA probes have great scope for future diagnostic testing, and it can help a lot in accelerating diagnostic patients. It will give bet ter health outcome in the long run. Reference Moter A, Gbel UB. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for direct visualization of microorganisms. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 2000;41(2):85-112. Amann R, Fuchs BM, Behrens S. The identification of microorganisms by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2001;12(3):231-6. Kudo M, Matsuo Y, Nakasendo A, Inoue S, Goto H, Tsukiji J, et al. Potential clinical benefit of the in situ hybridization method for the diagnosis of sepsis. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 2009;15(1):23-6. Enomoto H, Inoue S-i, Matsuhisa A, Aizawa N, Imanishi H, Saito M, et al. Development of a new in situ hybridization method for the detection of global bacterial DNA to provide early evidence of a bacterial infection in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Journal of Hepatology. 2012;56(1):85-94. Pellestor F, Paulasova P, Hamamah S. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as diagnostic devices for genetic and cytogenetic analysis. Current pharmaceutical design. 2008;14(24):2439-44. Koh W. Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) and Its Applications. Fuchs BM, Glckner FO, Wulf J, Amann R. Unlabeled helper oligonucleotides increase the in situ accessibility to 16S rRNA of fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes. 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Heterogeneity in telomere length of human chromosomes. Human molecular genetics. 1996;5(5):685-91. Ray A, Nordn B. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA): its medical and biotechnical applications and promise for the future. The FASEB Journal. 2000;14(9):1041-60. Heckl S, Pipkorn R, Waldeck W, Spring H, Jenne J, von der Lieth C-W, et al. Intracellular visualization of prostate cancer using magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer research. 2003;63(16):4766-72. Knudsen H, Nielsen PE. Antisense properties of duplex-and triplex-forming PNAs. Nucleic acids research. 1996;24(3):494-500. Germini A, Rossi S, Zanetti A, Corradini R, Fogher C, Marchelli R. Development of a peptide nucleic acid array platform for the detection of genetically modified organisms in food. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2005;53(10):3958-62. Veselkov AG, Demidov VV, Nielsen PE, Frank-Kamenetskii MD. A new class of genome rare cutters. Nucleic acids research. 1996;24(13):2483-7. Orum H, Nielsen PE, Jrgensen M, Larsson C, Stanley C, Koch T. Sequence-specific purification of nucleic acids by PNA-controlled hybrid selection. BioTechniques. 1995;19(3):472-80. Taylor RW, Chinnery PF, Turnbull DM, Lightowlers RN. Selective inhibition of mutant human mitochondrial DNA replication in vitro by peptide nucleic acids. Nature genetics. 1997;15(2):212-5. Boffa LC, Carpaneto EM, Allfrey VG. Isolation of active genes containing CAG repeats by DNA strand invasion by a peptide nucleic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1995;92(6):1901-5. Hall L, Le Febre KM, Deml SM, Wohlfiel SL, Wengenack NL. Evaluation of the Yeast Traffic Light PNA FISH probes for identification of Candida species from positive blood cultures. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2012;50(4):1446-8. Schatz P, Distler J, Berlin K, Schuster M. Novel method for high throughput DNA methylation marker evaluation using PNA-probe library hybridization and MALDI-TOF detection. Nucleic acids research. 2006;34(8):e59-e. Choi J-j, Kim C, Park H. Peptide nucleic acid-based array for detecting and genotyping human papillomaviruses. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2009;47(6):1785-90. Almeida C, Azevedo NF, Fernandes R, Keevil CW, Vieira M. Fluorescence in situ hybridization method using a peptide nucleic acid probe for identification of Salmonella spp. in a broad spectrum of samples. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2010;76(13):4476-85. Almeida C, Azevedo N, Iversen C, Fanning S, Keevil C, Vieira M. Development and application of a novel peptide nucleic acid probe for the specific detection of Cronobacter genomospecies (Enterobacter sakazakii) in powdered infant formula. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2009;75(9):2925-30. Almeida C, Cerqueira L, Azevedo N, Vieira M. Detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis using real time PCR, immunocapture assay, PNA FISH and standard culture methods in different types of food samples. International journal of food microbiology. 2013;161(1):16-22. Kempf VA, Mndle T, Schumacher U, Schfer A, Autenrieth IB. Rapid detection and identification of pathogens in blood cultures by fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. International journal of medical microbiology. 2005;295(1):47-55. Wang J, Rivas G, Cai X, Chicharro M, Parrado C, Dontha N, et al. Detection of point mutation in the p53 gene using a peptide nucleic acid biosensor. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1997;344(1):111-8. Stender H. PNA FISH: an intelligent stain for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. Expert review of molecular diagnostics. 2003;3(5):649-55. Petersen K, Vogel U, Rockenbauer E, Nielsen KV, Klvraa S, Bolund L, et al. Short PNA molecular beacons for real-time PCR allelic discrimination of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Molecular and cellular probes. 2004;18(2):117-22.